A-Infos (en) Brazil, Anarkio.net: A-Infos #17 - SLAVE LABOR IN BRAZIL by Pietro Anarchist (pt) [machine translation]

The forcible occupation of "America" ââby Europeans was made ââbased on slavery and 
genocide of the natives. In spite of this preliminary aggression, for a period of almost 
three hundred years have forced millions of Africans coming to America also under forced 
labor. This unhealthy "right" of white European elites acquired by their condition or 
bourgeois aristocrats, supported by a gang of scoundrels and unscrupulous religious in 
America created a society totally exclusive and slavery, possibly unprecedented in human 
history. Although all forms of slaves (paleoamerÃndios and Africans) have tried to resist, 
fight proved always unequal, and the slave succeeded in maintaining their order 
exploitative - servile regime - by forging and imposing over the years a society totally 
unequal . On one side the rich landowners who had access to all the blessings of his time, 
in another estremo slaves restrained any right.

Between the two classes have millions of poor whites and mestizos miserable that served to 
feed the armies of white slavers, the religious seminaries, and produce the necessary food 
nutrition of the whole society. It was almost a rule in America adopting the Plantations 
in agriculture, using only menial labor, extending the model mining in Brazil and Spanish 
America. In this world of explorers and slaves, who were free to survive as squatters, 
sharecroppers or collectors and were often involved in the cultivation of basic food for 
himself and the landowners.

The sad scenario in Brazil occupied a prominent place, being one of the last to accept the 
end of the slave regime. When the abolition, in 1888, that made ââso partial and 
incomplete, thousands of captives were simply evicted from farms starting to thicken the 
slums of incipient Brazilian cities and towns. With the opening of the ports named in 1808 
to intensify coming from poor to Brazil, many of which are beyond the European wars, 
religious persecution, political and searching for an opportunity to break with its past 
needs. Following the change of our political condition Cologne for Empire, begin to allow 
the formation of small farms which are now occupied and cultivated almost entirely by poor 
whites who immigrate usually accompanied by their families. In particular we note that the 
captive besides having denied his freedom if he prevents access to land, no matter how 
small the portion. Notably in the coffee farms of southeastern Brazil, slave labor will 
gradually being replaced by poor whites as well, usually foreigners, who are subjected to 
a nefarious system of partnerships. Although called a wage scheme, the rule was that these 
women, men and children hardly saw get their hands on money values. The import of skilled 
manpower White also had a macabre logic, because here migrated thousands of individuals 
who have not found any occupation and opportunity in Brazil. The slums in cities like 
Santos, SÃo Paulo and Rio de Janeiro were mostly filled by immigrants. Cities like 
Curitiba and Porto Alegre also viewed arise around their centers formed in colonial villas 
consist of miserable that quickly become exploited the nascent industry that had been 
spanning from the second reign.

Former slaves, no school, no work fixed without citizenship rights, because they could not 
even vote, because they were kept in illiteracy, eventually forming a social layer to 
fully margin, serving only as a reserve of skilled labor and living in poor conditions in 
the belts of misery passing willing to be around all the major cities. To them add up the 
millions of Brazilians free, however poor, destitute of any possession and even access to 
elementary education. Not only that, as previously mentioned, millions of poor people come 
mainly from Europe "try his luck" in a country that still had leaves even the system of 
servile hand. The elites obviously had everything planned in order to "liberate" the 
captives, but it is organized with the aim of having both arms surpluses for farming and 
for the industry that formed.

The result could not be different, a fully stratified society with an elite at the top, 
holds all privileges and millions of poor to survive on the basis that they had and still 
have to subject themselves to the most brutal forms of exploitation. The anti-slavery 
resistance present since colonial empire takes shape in the second when he next twentieth 
century, achieves success. Although the nominal freeing slaves and conquered in the most 
populous in Brazil, and in remote villages in the interior of the country she managed to 
stay undercover until today (2013). The newspapers and trade supporters, even the 
reactionary Republican holder of absolute power from 1889, routinely denounced the 
presence of skilled labor in slave regime in the "hinterland" of Brazil. Guarded by gunmen 
- gunmen - and kept in conditions worse than the slaves of coffee farms thousands of 
workers were - and still are - exploited in cattle farms, the planting and harvesting of 
cane sugar, in extraction of latex and even in the construction of several railroads 
during the period called First Republic.

Railroad Construction of SÃo Paulo to Rio Grande do Sul with the Northwest of Brazil, just 
to name one example, in the early years of the twentieth century, as a rule had 
maltreatment workers, the constant lack of payment, exploitation in the supply of food 
forcing the employee to always buy the Boss or his representatives and with it always 
being in debt to the warehouse. Recalling also that the workday was time to start and 
never finish. The rule was from star to star, and in any weather. Often waves of workers 
were killed by rebelling or trying to leave the construction site. Those who were sick 
were rule lead them to remote places and leave them abandoned until the death could support.

succession In "State of Siege" that Brazil lives with the advent of the Old Republic and 
the sequence of two overt dictatorships - New State and Redeemer - the slavery issue 
becomes taboo and a crime against homeland. Who dared only to comment on the issue, was 
subject to the rigors of the law and even condemned to disappear. Public Schools and 
individuals contained in the curricula of History, Social Studies, Civics and Social and 
Political Organization of Brazil that the "stain of slavery" had been solvida on May 13, 
1888, with no more ominous this institute in Brazil and therefore, all free.

disagree that vainglorious speech, reactionary and nazifascista was not love Brazil, 
subversive and good thing to be quiet for the sake of our development. The subject being 
commented sheepishly back to the process of slow and gradual opening occurred in the 80s 
of the twentieth century. International pressure incipient determined that although some 
progress had governmental actions, and unsubsistent obviously insufficient, in our view 
totally private facade. Yet official figures, which do not correspond with reality 
effectively, are worrying. Thousands of Brazilians are explored in rural condition in need 
of slave labor. Inner City as St. Paul also notes the employment of labor, slave labor 
with the exploitation of thousands of foreigners in irregular situation reportedly seen 
having entered the country without regard to immigration laws in effect in Brazil.
This problem is due to the fact that in their countries of origin, particularly in the 
case of Bolivia, the situation in their "homeland" of origin to be much worse. The rescue 
actions in rural areas explored removal of the local slave labor has proved innocuous.

Often workers pressed by necessity, the absolute lack of work in their places of origin 
and the fact they were not even access the initial series of formal study looking again 
'cats' - bookies hand labor - and return to farms located in remote places where they work 
in exchange for a plate of food. Another problem is that the punishment for this crime and 
totally fragile, there is no record of imprisonment on the part of recruiters of labor, 
slave labor - cats - not the slave owners of securities or prosperous farms and eminent 
industrialists.

The burden of slavery in Brazil and notorious. In most urban centers still have millions 
of slum dwellers, totally excluded from the basic principles of citizenship proposed and 
defended by the state Liberal Bourgeois, calling itself a "social welfare". We get only in 
the example that follows: We have more than seven million domestic workers in Brazil 
(according to PNAD 2009). Five million or more without Work Permit signed thus without 
social rights such as minimum wage, holidays and more. The vast majority with low 
education, when not totally illiterate.

Federal Constitution still discriminates the other workers because it has workday defined 
by law and other rights. To end it mostly consists of women, in which a large majority 
descendants of slaves. "Even with the" title "of the profession with more women in Brazil, 
occupied by over 8 million people, domestic workers in the country have only 9 of the 34 
rights guaranteed to other professions." In 2011 the Government of duty of Brazil was a 
signatory of ILO Convention 189, but the constitutional amendments and constitutional 
infrastructure have not yet been made, all falling in the ditch recurrent demagoguery. It 
remains to observe that this problem is not unique to Brazil, since millions of people are 
subject worldwide, including in Europe, where a majority of the immigrants, the drudgery, 
unhealthy and dangerous, no social rights, so as slaves. Meets we keep up the fight 
against slavery, regardless of mask that is used to make up on it or try to hide it. 
Denounce slavery is also part of all who struggle against capital and exploration seeking 
to engage all employees in this journey that has no trench or rest. Our independent 
organization, without parties, without bosses, no churches, no state is which will permit 
the realization of the need to end the exploitation.

Caxias do Sul, January 1, 2013. Pietro Anarchista
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