A-Infos (en) Britain, Obituary, John Taylor Caldwell - seaman and anarchist - 1911-2007

The Kate Sharpley Library are sad to report the death of John Taylor 
Caldwell, veteran Glasgow anarchist and comrade and biographer of Guy 
Aldred. With the death of John Taylor Caldwell aged 95 we have lost the 
last significant link with an anarchist anti-parliamentary form of 
socialism/communism which flourished in the first few decades of the 
last century, and was part of a tradition of libertarian socialism going 
back to the days of William Morris and the Socialist League – a 
socialism based on working-class self-activity manifest in workers' 
councils and direct action rather than in reliance on political parties, 
whether social democratic or revolutionary.

This kind of anarchism is assumed to have become extinct during the 
inter-War period, crushed between the pincers of the Parliamentary 
Labour Party and the Communist Party. But in a few places, notably 
Glasgow, it continued to flourish, thanks to individuals like John and 
his mentor, Guy Aldred. Aldred was the main organiser and theoretician 
of this movement. John's first encounter with him at the Glasgow May Day 
demonstration in 1934 left such a deep impression on him that later in 
the year he joined Aldred's United Socialist Movement (USM).

In 1938, John left his seafaring employment to work, full time but 
unpaid, for Aldred's movement. For almost three decades he devoted 
himself to printing the movement's paper The Word (plus a veritable 
mountain of pamphlets) and turned his hand to whatever needed doing. The 
USM took an important part in all the political actions of its time, 
from support of the Spanish revolutionary cause in 1936-8, through the 
anti-war struggles of 1939-45 (in which John himself was a conscientious 
objector), and on to the anti-militarist and peace campaigns of the 
Fifties and Sixties.

All this was achieved against a background of ever-present poverty, with 
barely enough money to eat, never mind provide meeting rooms or publish 
its propaganda. The most intense period of activity was undoubtedly 
1936-38 in support of the Spanish revolutionary cause. Meeting were held 
every night and funds had to be raised to send two comrades (Ethel 
MacDonald and Jenny Patrick) to Spain. But the group was in desperate 
need of a printing press. Amazingly, Aldred persuaded a "Roneo" salesman 
to let them have a duplicator on approval, which was immediately pressed 
into service to produce a broadsheet, Regeneracion, giving uncensored 
news from Spain.

In 1938 the group again became homeless and the duplicator was 
repossessed. But with a generous donation from one of their stalwarts, 
they managed to acquire an antiquated printing press at scrap value from 
the veteran Glasgow socialist Tom Anderson. A new paper was hurried into 
print ready for May Day, and following John's suggestion it was called 
The Word. It was an instant success, and as John noted, was seized on 
"as readily as if it were a free handbill." By 1939, with the help of 
the Strickland bequest, the Strickland Press was set up at 104-106 
George Street. From there, The Word continued to be published until, in 
1962, the Press was forced to remove to Montrose Street. The George 
Street premises were the heart of this anarchist oasis in Glasgow, as a 
meeting-place, bookshop, printing press and social centre for a whole 
generation of Glaswegians. John managed to capture this in an epitaph 
for the group's old HQ written after it had been bulldozed for a new 
University of Strathclyde building:

When the meeting was over the chairs were replaced and the audience 
meandered upstairs where books were bought and fresh arguments broke out 
amongst small groups. The old man was tired… but he was loth to hurry 
them away. Some, he knew, went home to misery and loneliness. The 
evening in the old cellar was a rare feast of companionship for them. 
And for the few young ones it was good too. Not just a case of agreeing 
with the old master, but a challenge to read and, most importantly, to 
think for themselves.

In the post-war period Aldred was a candidate in a number of General 
Elections and by-elections – not in the hope or expectation of being 
elected, but purely as a propaganda exercise, a cost-effective way "to 
expose the farcical and false nature of parliamentarism," as John put 
it. In all of these, John acted as Aldred's election agent, handling key 
aspects of the campaigns from organising the nocturnal squads of 
bill-posters and street-chalkers to booking meeting-halls to printing 
and delivering 10,000 handbills and election addresses.

Despite this frenzy of activity, in Aldred's lifetime John took a 
background role. After Aldred's death in October 1963, however, he 
stepped forward to keep the movement going. Virtually single-handedly he 
continued to publish The Word (later transmuted to The Word Quarterly). 
But the USM fell into decline, and by 1968 John was forced to close its 
printing press and bookshop.

Still he refused to be silenced. He devoted the rest of his long life to 
"guarding the movement against oblivion", depositing archival material 
in libraries such as the Mitchell Library and the libraries of 
Strathclyde and Glasgow Caledonian Universities, and editing a 
collection of Aldred's works for World Microfilms. In addition, Luath 
Press published his biography of Guy Aldred, Come Dungeons Dark (1988) 
albeit in abbreviated form, and subsequently Northern Herald Books 
published his two important volumes of autobiography, Severely Dealt 
With (1993) and With Fate Conspire (1999). The former, a vivid depiction 
of his harsh upbringing in Belfast and Glasgow, was well received and 
was a bestseller for three consecutive months at John Smith's historic 
bookshop in central Glasgow (now also, alas, defunct). Most recently, 
about eighteen months before his death, John had made an important 
contribution to a forthcoming film about "The Spanish Pimpernel", Ethel 
MacDonald.

In addition, John was always willing to speak at events in Glasgow, 
trying to bring alive the history of the movement for a new generation 
of anarchists and direct actionists. This he did well into his nineties, 
for example speaking at Glasgow's John Maclean Centre three or four 
years ago.

Born in Whiteinch, Glasgow, the third child of a family of six, John 
moved to Belfast at the age of three, but following his mother's death, 
in 1925 the family moved back to Glasgow, where he and his younger 
siblings endured semi-starvation and frequent beatings at the hands of 
their father and stepmother.

Beyond a knowledge of the three Rs acquired in a Belfast elementary 
school, John was completely self-educated. He had the insatiable thirst 
for knowledge which until fairly recently was a characteristic feature 
of working class radical movements. Stimulated by the striking picture 
of Neanderthal Man featured in an instalment of Wells' Outline of 
History, he went on to read widely in history, literature, poetry, 
philosophy and political ideas, contributing his knowledge of these 
subjects to the discussion groups which were an integral part of USM 
activities.

He was also a writer of no mean talent. Occasionally he would contribute 
an article for The Word, but he also wrote a series of children's 
stories for the Daily Mirror and The Comet. He was even invited to join 
the staff of Amalgamated Press but characteristically put his unpaid 
political work first. He had a deep love of poetry, and from his 
adolescence an abiding fascination with the life and work of Thomas 
Chatterton, but most of his own poetry remained unpublished.

To some extent this may have been due to his self-effacing character. He 
was, as he put it, "a humble and obscure actor", and working with the 
domineering personality of Guy Aldred did nothing to alter this. Yet 
after Aldred's death his many talents blossomed. He was always ready to 
assist fellow workers with their research, especially if it promised to 
"spread the word" to new audiences and to shed new light on the movement 
to which he had devoted his life.

Aldred's 1961 tribute to Ethel MacDonald is equally applicable to John: 
"…it seems rather odd that we should have the desire to struggle forward 
and to change the world and to put it right. Yet for some strange reason 
a contradiction arises within us. We do struggle, we do change the 
world. One generation emerges into another. The hopes of yesterday's 
heroes and martyrs become the inspiring slogans of the martyrs and 
heroes of today, and by them are passed on to the heroes and martyrs 
that will be tomorrow… I must be bold in mind and spirit so as to play 
my part in bringing about the new world in which [John Caldwell] 
believed, and to create which [he] toiled and struggled."

John Taylor Caldwell, seaman and anarchist, born 14 July 1911; died 12 
January 2007.
By Bob Jones and Gina Bridgeland
This obituary is taken from KSL: Bulletin of the Kate Sharpley Library 
#49 which also includes Alfonso Failla's memories of being interned 
during the reign of Mussolini, the deaths of America Scarfo and Vicente 
Marti, news from the KSL including our new pamphlet, "Alcatraz – Uncle 
Sam's Devil's Island: Experiences of a Conscientious Objector in America 
during the First World War" by Philip Grosser and book reviews old and new.

http://www.katesharpleylibrary.net
_______________________________________________
A-infos-en mailing list
A-infos-en@ainfos.ca
http://ainfos.ca/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/a-infos-en
http://ainfos.ca/en